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Magnum Photos

Armenian priests at a commemoration of the Armenian genocide in April 1994. The tragedy has become a geopolitical flashpoint: the Turkish government still denies the killings constituted genocide.

The ‘symbol of shame’ was also emblazoned on clothing and on concentration camp uniforms. Armbands were also used.

Wearing the 'Jood' Star of David identifier – Dutch for 'Jew' – used by the Nazis to stigmatise and marginalise the group in the prelude to the genocide they inflicted upon them during the Second World War.

The Murambi genocide memorial contains the graves of 50,000 people, with some of the mummified remains on display.

Genocide Memorial in Murambi, Rwanda. In the spring of 1994 about 5000 Tutsi had taken refuge in a school where they were found and massacred by Hutu extremists.