
SAN MARINO, SAN MARINO
The Guaita fortress is the oldest of the three towers constructed on Monte Titano that overlooks the capital of San Marino.
Photograph by Xinhua News Agency, ReduxGRANADA, SPAIN
In the southern Andalusia region, Granada contains grand examples of medieval architecture from the Moorish occupation, especially the Alhambra fortress overlooking the entire city.
Photograph by Pascal Saez, VW Pics, ReduxDUBLIN, IRELAND
Drinking in history, the Irish capital is home to a medieval castle, cobblestone streets, and the 12th-century Saint Patrick’s Cathedral.
Photograph by Tim Thompson, National Geographic CreativeVENICE, ITALY
Built on more than 100 small islands in a lagoon in the Adriatic Sea, Venice is best explored by gondola.
Photograph by Scott S. Warren, National Geographic CreativeInstantly recognisable icon of Paris, the Eiffel Tower.
Photograph by Joël Sartore, National Geographic CreativeFLORENCE, ITALY
One of the world’s top art hubs, Florence is considered the birthplace of the Renaissance.
Photograph by Dave Yoder, National Geographic CreativeROME, ITALY
A mix of ancient ruins, awe-inspiring art, and vibrant streets, Rome is one of the world's most visited cities.
Photograph by Dave Yoder, National Geographic CreativeBARCELONA, SPAIN
Barcelona is famous for architecture by Antoni Gaudi, the renowned architect and face of Catalan modernism.
Photograph by Simon Roberts, National Geographic CreativeHELSINKI, FINLAND
Helsinki's central avenue, Mannerheimintie, holds the epic National Museum, Parliament House, and contemporary art museum, Kiasma.
Photograph by González, Laif, ReduxBRUGES, BELGIUM
The canals and cobblestone streets of Bruges overflow with charm.
Photograph by Jordi Busque, National Geographic CreativeMADRID, SPAIN
This historical residence of the king of Spain sits just outside the Spanish capital, Madrid.
Photograph by Joe Petersburger, National Geographic CreativeBUDAPEST, HUNGARY
Bisected by the Danube, the city of Budapest offers a Castle Hill across the river from the House of Parliament, third largest in the world.
Photograph by Christopher Hill, National Geographic CreativeVIENNA, AUSTRIA
The imperial capital of Austria, Vienna's cityscape is characterised by an abundance of Baroque buildings.
Photograph by Lucas Vallecillos, VW Pics, ReduxPRIZREN, KOSOVO
Kosovo's cultural capital Prizren holds Ottoman-era architecture on the slopes of the Šar Mountains.
Photograph by Mimoza Gashi, EyeEm, GettyLONDON, ENGLAND
One of the world's most visited cities, London packs plenty to see, like the Houses of Parliament, Westminster Abbey, and the iconic Big Ben clock tower.
Photograph by Jeff Mauritzen, National Geographic CreativeCOPENHAGEN, DENMARK
The historic center of Copenhagen contains Frederiksstaden, an 18th-century Rococo district, home to the royal family’s Amalienborg Palace.
Photograph by Stephen St. JohnPRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC
Nicknamed “the City of a Hundred Spires,” Prague is known for its Old Town Square with colorful baroque buildings, Gothic churches, and a medieval astronomical clock.
Photograph by Phil Schermeister, National Geographic CreativeMOSTAR, BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
A UNESCO World Heritage Site dating to the Ottoman empire, the reconstructed Old Bridge and Old City of Mostar is a symbol of reconciliation and coexistence of the diversity in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Photograph by Oliver Tjaden, Laif, ReduxBRATISLAVA, SLOVAKIA
Bratislava's castle–dating to the 9th century but rebuilt in the 1800s–hovers over a pastel-colored old town on the banks of the Danube river.
Photograph by Toma Babovic, Laif, ReduxSTOCKHOLM, SWEDEN
The Swedish capital contains one of the best-preserved, medieval old towns of Europe, dating to the 13th century.
Photograph by Jonathan Irish, National Geographic CreativeVATICAN CITY
Officially a city-state within Rome, the Vatican centers around the domed Saint Peter’s Basilica and Piazza San Pietro, plus many of Italy’s most celebrated masterpieces can be found in the massive Vatican Museums.
Photograph by Robert Harding, National Geographic CreativePORTO, PORTUGAL
Known for port wine, coastal Porto offers picturesque bridges, a medieval riverside district, and narrow cobblestone streets.
Photograph by Alex Saberi, National Geographic CreativeKRAKOW, POLAND
Saint Mary's Basilica and the Sukiennice Cloth Hall line the rynek in Krakow, one of the largest medieval town squares in Europe.
Photograph by Lucas Vallecillos, VW Pics, ReduxAMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
Built on an elaborate canal system, Amsterdam is home to the Van Gogh Museum, works by Rembrandt and Vermeer at the Rijksmuseum, and modern art at the Stedelijk.
Photograph by Patrick van Katwijk, Hollandse Hoogte, Redux