Dynamic bands of clouds shine in this mosaic of images from the Cassini orbiter, the most detailed global colour portrait of Jupiter ever produced.

NASA's Pioneer 10 spacecraft sent back these images of Jupiter from its flyby in 1973.

Jupiter’s Great Red Spot is a massive storm 3.5 times the size of Earth. This colorized close-up comes from NASA's Voyager 1 spacecraft, which zoomed past the planet in 1979.

The Galileo spacecraft, which toured the Jupiter system from 1995 to 2003, captured this image of Ganymede, Jupiter’s largest moon.

Seen in infrared by the Hubble Space Telescope, the three large moons Io, Ganymede, and Callisto become dark blots against Jupiter’s vibrant clouds.

The moon Europa is covered with intriguing fissures that hint at a deep ocean beneath the icy crust, as seen here by the Galileo spacecraft.

When the Cassini probe zipped past Jupiter on its way to Saturn in 2000, it captured data used to make this map of the planet’s south pole.

Playfully called the “pizza moon,” pockmarked Io is the most volcanically active natural satellite in the solar system.

Images like this one, taken by NASA's InfraRed Telescope Facility in Hawaii in May 2015, helped mission managers plan for the arrival of the Juno orbiter at Jupiter.

In 1994, the eyes of the world (and the Hubble Space Telescope) were trained on Jupiter as comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 made a dramatic dive right into the planet.

This global map of the moon Callisto, based on images from the Galileo spacecraft, shows bright scars that testify to a long history of impacts.

In 1979, the Voyager 1 spacecraft surprised the world by showing that, similar to its famously decked out neighbor, Jupiter sports faint dusty rings.