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France

A coloured engraving shows a 16th-century view of the Capitoline Hill from the Farnese Gardens, the first private botanic garden in Europe.

Henry did not meet Anne, the daughter of a German duke, until they married in 1540. The marriage, arranged for diplomatic reasons, was annulled by mutual consent after six months.

Henry’s marriage to Anne Boleyn required England’s tumultuous split from the pope and Rome. She gave birth to Elizabeth I in 1533. After she failed to produce a son, Henry had her executed in 1536.

Henry’s marriage to Anne Boleyn required England’s tumultuous split from the pope and Rome. She gave birth to Elizabeth I in 1533. After she failed to produce a son, Henry had her executed in 1536.